For many women, the alarm clock sounds each morning finding them not ready for the day. They awake morning after morning feeling tired and fatigued. As they struggle out of bed, they wonder how they could have gotten so run down.
This is how it was for Ann, a San Francisco lawyer. At the age of 32, she described her symptoms to her doctor. She was tired all the time, lost weight without trying and just didn’t feel healthy. Her doctor shrugged off her complaints and told Ann she just needed to rest more and maybe take a vacation. When Ann's symptoms worsened, she didn't go back to her own physician. Instead, she went to another doctor recommended by a friend and was found to have Lupus, an autoimmune disease. Now that the cause of her symptoms were finally identified, she was able to begin a treatment plan that helped control the symptoms that were upsetting her life.
Diagnosis Can Be Difficult
The term autoimmune disease encompasses more than 80 different, serious chronic illnesses. Many of these illnesses are rare, but as a group, autoimmune disease plagues millions of people in the U.S. - about one adult in every 20.Ann is not alone in her experience. Due, in part, to the nature of the symptoms (they are vague, tend to come and go, and are often hard to describe) many patients just get labeled as frequent complainers. In 1997, the American Autoimmune Related Disease Association (AARDA) found that more than 65% of patients with autoimmune diseases had been labeled hypochondriacs during the earliest stages of their illnesses. Often doctors find it easy to disregard the complaint since autoimmune diseases tend to strike women during their childbearing years, typically when a woman looks healthy.
Even though it is often very hard to get a accurate diagnosis in the beginning stages, it is important to do so. The ability to quickly identify an autoimmune disease can lessen both physical and mental stress that accompanies a non-diagnosis or incorrect one.Are Women Most Prone to Suffer?Autoimmune diseases are the fourth leading cause of women’s disability among U.S. women, and women make up 75% of people with autoimmune diseases.The truth is researchers don’t know the answer. Very little is actually know about the causes of autoimmune diseases. Researchers speculate that hormones play a role.
It has been theorized that hormones are involved because the expression of autoimmune diseases and their symptoms seems to be related to changes in hormone levels."No study clearly states that hormones cause autoimmune diseases," says Virginia Ladd, founder and president of the AARDA, "but a connection between the two is evident. If you look at the number of diagnoses after puberty and before menopause, you see a much higher rate than before or after these events.
Also, some diseases suddenly improve during pregnancy, with symptoms re-emerging after delivery, and others may get worse with pregnancy."Dr. Ladd further explains, "The research is in its infancy, and although the interrelationship between hormones and autoimmune diseases is acknowledged, most aspects of this relationship are not clearly understood."
Finding a Cause
The purpose of the immune system is to defend the body's health by fighting foreign invaders. The primary soldiers deployed in the war against infection are the white blood cells. They are a diverse group of cells, but lymphocytes account for about 25% of them and play a major role in defending against "invasion."The immune system can function properly because of its ability to identify "self" from "non-self" tissues.
It is normal for some lymphocytes to become sensitized against self tissue, but these defective cells are usually suppressed by other lymphocytes. Autoimmune disorders occur when the control process stops functioning, and the immune system reacts to normal, self body tissue as though it is a foreign tissue. The body actually attacks its own tissues and can destroy body tissues, change organ function, or cause abnormal organ growth.